Figure 5 .

Effects of pre-strain on bare graphene resonator. (a) Frequency shifts of a bare graphene resonator (i.e. without any mass adsorption) due to in-plane tension as a function of an in-plane tension N₀ and actuation amplitude p₀. (b) Dimensionless parameter θ of graphene resonators as a function of actuation amplitude p₀ and in-plane tension N₀. (c) Critical in-plane tensions, which induce the transition from nonlinear vibration to harmonic oscillation for graphene resonators, are computationally obtained as a function of the size of a graphene resonator and actuation amplitude.