Figure 3.

Nanotopography-dependent cell spreading area, focal adhesion, and cell density. Macrophages and foam cells seeded on nanodot arrays of various sizes were harvested after a 3-day culture. (a) Cell spread area versus dot diameter for cells cultured on the nanodot arrays. The viable cells were counted, and the percent adhesion area relative to cells cultured on a flat surface was calculated and plotted against the nanodot diameter. (b) Focal adhesions (amount of vinculin staining) versus dot diameters for cells cultured on nanodot arrays. The amount of vinculin staining per cell was measured, and the percentage of focal adhesion relative to cells cultured on a flat surface was calculated and plotted against the nanodot diameter. (c) Cell density versus dot diameter for cells cultured on the nanodot arrays. The viable cells were counted, and percent viability relative to cells cultured on a flat surface was calculated and plotted against the nanodot diameter. The mean ± SD from at least three experiments is shown. Asterisk denotes p < 0.005 when compared to the flat control surface.