Figure 3.

Two-dot QCA gates. (a) Structure of the three-input MinV gate. This gate is composed of three fixed inputs (d₁, d₂, and d₃) and a two-dot molecule (AB) as output. The minority of the three fixed inputs, which is “0” in this figure, appears at the output. (b) When there is only one input, the MinV gate functions as an inverter gate. (c) Two point charges q and 1-q separated by distance l, which is the distance between the middle of upper and lower π-bonds, are used to mimic a fixed input. (d) Truth table of the MinV gate. When d₃ = ”0”, the MinV gate performs NAND logical operation on d₁ and d_2, and when d₃ = ”1” the MinV gate functions as a two-input NOR gate.