Table 5

Experiments focusing on Natural Convection Heat Transfer

Paper Reference No

keff/kNF Conduction

keff/kNF Convection/mixed

NP material

NP size, (nm unless specified)

BF material

Φ,(vol% unless specified)

T test, (K)

Experimental Apparatus Index No

Mechanism Index No

μ_NF/μBF

Flow Status

Effects of Gravity

PBH T

CHT

Notes

[51]

-

>1

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

significant

-

-

theoretical investigation

[82]

-

>1

Al₂O₃

60

water

0.3-2%

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

[87]

-

>1

Al₂O₃

-

water

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

[87]

-

>1

Cu

-

water

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

[87]

-

>1

TiO₃

-

water

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

[110]

-

>1

-

-

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[35]

-

>1

Ag

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[35]

-

>1

Al₂O₃

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[35]

-

>1

Cu

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[35]

-

>1

CuO

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[35]

-

>1

TiO₂

-

water

-

-

5

3

-

-

-

-

[46]

-

>1

Cu

10

water

-

-

2

1,3,6

-

-

-

-

Sergis and Hardalupas Nanoscale Research Letters 2011 6:391   doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-391