Table 4

Experiments focusing on Convection heat transfer

Paper Reference No

keff/kNF Conduction

keff/kNF Convection/mixed

NP material

NP size, (nm unless specified)

BF material

Φ,(vol% unless specified)

T test, (K)

Experimental Apparatus Index No

Mechanism Index No

μNF/μBF

Flow Status

Effects of Gravity

PBHT

CHT

Notes

[43]

-

Al2O3

-

engine oil

4.4wt

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

4WD rotary blade coupling

[43]

-

>1

CuO

-

4.4 wt

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.03

-

CuO

-

60:40 EG/water

1.0

293

1

-

1.14

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation

[81]

1.06

-

CuO

29

2.0

293

1

-

1.27

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.09

-

CuO

29

3.0

293

1

-

1.69

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.09

1.18

SiO2

50

6.0

293

1

-

1.33

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.09

-

SiO2

20

6.0

293

1

-

1.41

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.09

-

SiO2

100

6.0

293

1

-

1.21

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.12

-

CuO

29

4.0

293

1

-

2.12

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.15

-

CuO

29

5.0

293

1

-

2.60

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.21

1.75

CuO

29

6.0

293

1

-

3.49

-

-

-

-

[81]

1.22

1.36

Al2O3

53

6.0

293

1

-

1.80

-

-

-

-

[75]

-

>1

Al2O3

varying

water

4.0

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation - 2 phase approach showed the smaller the diameter the greater the HTC

[12]

-

1.15

Al2O3

<100

water

4.0

314

1

6

0.00

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation - 1 phase approach

[32]

-

-

TiO2

21

water

0.2

-

1

-

-

2

-

-

-

negligible HT conduction increase

[60]

-

>1

Al2O3

45

50:50 EG/water

-

-

2,3

-

<1

-

-

-

-

-

[84]

-

>1

Al2O3

36

water

2.8

-

5

-

-

2

-

-

-

jet impingement experiment

[17]

-

>1

Cu

42

water

1.0

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

theoretical investigation - 2 phase model

[41]

-

1.12

Al2O3

20

water

0.2

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

values recorded here for an averaged Pecklet number

[41]

-

1.13

Al2O3

20

water

0.5

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

[41]

-

1.15

Al2O3

20

water

1.0

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

[41]

-

1.22

Al2O3

20

water

1.5

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

[41]

-

1.30

Al2O3

20

water

2.0

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

[41]

-

1.35

Al2O3

20

water

2.5

-

1

1,6

-

1

-

-

-

[18]

1.15

-

Al2O3

-

water

5.0

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

geometry dependent augmentation/deterioration

[18]

1.156342

geometry dependent

Al2O3

-

HFE 7100

5

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

[99]

-

1.03

ZrO2

50

water

1.32

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

[99]

-

1.27

Al2O3

50

water

6

-

1

-

7.2

1

-

-

-

-

[106]

-

1.08

Al2O3

30

water

0.3

-

1

1,7

-

1

-

-

-

-

[19]

-

>1

Al2O3

-

HFC134a

0.1%wt

-

5

-

<1

-

-

-

-

MO: mineral oil used for lubrication inside HFC134a refrigerant fluid along with NPs.Conventionally Polyol- ester (POE) is used as a lubricant

[19]

-

>1

TiO2

-

0.1%wt

-

5

-

<1

-

-

-

-

MO: mineral oil used for lubrication inside HFC134a refrigerant fluid along with NPs.Conventionally Polyol-ester (POE) is used as a lubricant. Same effect when using the same size Al2O3 NP

[13]

-

>1

Al2O3

-

water

0.1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation - 2 phase approach, smaller diameter, better effects, larger skin friction

[14]

1.04

1.11

Al2O3

150

water

4%wt

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

fully developed region values used here

[14]

1.06

1.25

Al2O3

45

water

4%wt

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

[74]

-

>1

Al2O3

10

water

2

-

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

theoretical investigation - 2 phase approach-fully developed region values recorded here

[74]

-

>1

Al2O3

10

water

4

-

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

[74]

-

>1

Al2O3

10

water

7

-

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

[20]

-

1.12

Al2O3

100

water

1

-

1

1,6

1.419

1

-

-

-

[20]

-

1.187

Al2O3

100

water

4

-

1

1,6

1.92

1

-

-

-

[47]

-

1.32

Al2O3

170

water

1.8

300

1

-

1

1

-

-

-

average values used

[40]

-

>1

TiO2

95

water

0.6

300

1

8

-

1

-

-

-

theoretical investigation 1phase and Langrange & Euler methods used

[40]

-

>1

TiO2

145

water

0.6

300

1

8

-

1

-

-

-

[40]

-

>1

TiO2

210

water

0.6

300

1

8

-

1

-

-

-

[10]

-

1.3

Cu

-

water

10

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation

[10]

-

>1

Ag

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[10]

-

>1

Al2O3

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[10]

-

>1

CuO

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[10]

-

>1

TiO2

-

water

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[77]

1.028192

1

Al2O3

36

water

1

300

1

-

1.025

1,2

-

-

-

No boiling values recorded

[77]

1.030973

1

Al2O3

36

HFE 7100

1

300

1

-

1.025

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.058043

1

Al2O3

36

water

2

300

1

-

1.050

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.061947

1

Al2O3

36

HFE

7100

2

300

1

-

1.050

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.087894

1

Al2O3

36

water

3

300

1

-

1.075

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.09292

1

Al2O3

36

HEF 7100

3

300

1

-

1.075

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.119403

1

Al2O3

36

Water

4

300

1

-

1.100

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.125369

1

Al2O3

36

HFE 7100

4

300

1

-

1.100

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.149254

1

Al2O3

36

water

5

300

1

-

1.124

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.125369

1

Al2O3

36

HFE 7100

4

300

1

-

1.100

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.149254

1

Al2O3

36

water

5

300

1

-

1.124

1,2

-

-

-

[77]

1.157817

1

Al2O3

36

HFE 7100

5

300

1

-

1.125

1,2

-

-

-

[95]

1.028333

-

Al2O3

42

water

1

294

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

theoretical investigation

[95]

1.058333

-

Al2O3

42

Water

2

294

6

-

-

-

-

-

[95]

1.088333

-

Al2O3

42

water

3

294

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

[95]

1.118333

-

Al2O3

42

water

4

294

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

[52]

-

<1

Al2O3

43.5

water

1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[52]

-

<1

CuO

11.05

water

1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

[52]

-

<1

JS Clay discs

25diax1thick nes

water

1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

[101]

-

>1

Cu

100

water

-

-

6

-

-

1

-

-

-

Sergis and Hardalupas Nanoscale Research Letters 2011 6:391   doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-391

Open Data