Table 1

Previous studies on EG/water-based ZnO nanofluids

Paper

Manufacturing method

Measurement method (Accuracy)

Base fluid

Surfactant

Comments

Kim et al. [38]

Two-step

THW (1%)

Water/EG

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of 0.05 M

Size dependence

Yu et al. [39]

Two-step

STHW (1%)

EG

-

No temperature dependence

Moosavi et al. [40]

Two-step

KD2 Pro (5%)

EG/glycerol

Ammonium citrate (dispersant:nanoparticle = 1:1 wt.%)

Temperature dependence

Raykar and Singh [41]

Two-step

THW

Water

3, 5, and 7 mL of acetylacetone (acac) is added in type I, II, and III solutions

Temperature dependence without low vol. %

Shen [42]

Commercial high-volume fraction dispersions in water with chemical dispersant (Nanophase)

THW

Water

Addition of chemical dispersants which is not disclosed by the company

Reverse size dependence

Vajjha and Das [43]

Commercial 50% dispersion in water (Alfa Aesar)

Commercial device based on steady-state method^a (2.45%)

EG:W (6:4 wt.%)

Dispersant not clear

Temperature and size dependence

Xie et al. [44]

Two-step

-

EG:W (45:55 vol.%)

-

^aExperimental Operating and Maintenance Procedures for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases Unit, P.A. Hilton Ltd., Hampshire, England. THW, transient hot wire, STHW, short transient hot wire, EG ethylene glycol.

Lee et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2011 6:258   doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-258